Case Study Examining The Research Approach - 879 Words

Nursing Research Assignment 3b: Examining the Research Approach Overview Shelia Bowman Cumberland University The first article I chose was â€Å"Being a good nurse and doing the right thing: a qualitative study.†(Smith Godfrey, 2002, p.301) I definitely agree with the way this study was performed. I’m not sure how it could be blended to include quantitative data unless maybe there was a number scale used with a certain adjective such as on a scale from 0-10 how would you rate yourself as a kind nurse? Or how would you rate yourself as a compassionate nurse? Again, I don’t think that this study could be all quantitative because each person’s idea of kind or compassionate could mean something entirely different. I think age and the way a nurse was raised would bring about a difference in how someone feels regarding ones virtue and what exactly it means to them. I myself often see new nurses who do things not because they think it’s the right thing to do but, because everyone else says or does it that way. I have been in nursing for twenty-five years and I h ear young nurses today say things to older patients that might offend them where a younger patient is not offended at all. I often cannot identify with newer nurses in this respect. I do think this is because I am twenty something years older than they are. In the articles’ reference to Aristotle, I do agree that â€Å"moral virtue is a state of character. Virtues are located within the character of theShow MoreRelatedThe Individual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Individual Differences Approach to Personality: Personality is a term that has largely been considered an unproblematic concept and primarily refers to the varying kinds of characteristics of individuals. Despite this assumption, psychologists have constantly used the word in different ways. The varying views in the use of this concept or term are fueled by the fact that psychology usually makes generalizations regarding individuals. Generally, personality seeks to examine the many differencesRead MoreTypes Of Research Paradigms And Methods1123 Words   |  5 Pagesprovides an introduction to the different types of research paradigms and methods before concluding on the approach that this study will undertake. Research paradigms are ‘the entire constellation of beliefs, values, techniques, and so on shared by members of a given community’ (Kuhn, 1970, p.175). The three most common paradigms are positivism, constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism. Each of these can be categorised further by examining their: ontology, epistemology and methodology. FundamentallyRead MorePolice Enforcement Is A Stressful And Dangerous Job1658 Words   |  7 PagesOne noted gap between research and practice amongst I/O professionals, was the use of intuitive interviews rather than standardized methods. This careless approach to selection is believed to compromise the validity and reliability of hiring processes. It is also suggested that such oral interviews can be subjective and biased (Nolan, Langhammer, Salter, 2016). Another area addressed by the literature was the potential to fake personality tests. One article stated â€Å"†¦research findings and at leastRead MoreGroup Research Study1306 Words   |  6 PagesAim of study The primary aim of this study is to explore the extent to which female-to-male (FTM) transgender individuals experience less discrimination in the workplace than male-to-female (MTF) transgender individuals. The secondary aim of this study is to get an understanding as to why the differences in treatment of female-to-male (FTM) transgender individuals in comparison to male-to-female transgender individuals (MTF) occur, so that further research may be done to minimize the discriminationRead MoreApplying Project Management Body Of Knowledge1205 Words   |  5 Pagescontracts, the Division identify and create a best practice system which will require gathering past and present-shared knowledge of those who have encountered the same challenges with contractual development and implementation. In addition, the research will derive from archived documents, that allows the merging of differing ideas and frameworks with current best practices. Providing a sound structure of a researched and effective quality system model, thus creating a working system for eachRead MoreResearch on Nursing Program1146 Words   |  5 Pages DEFINITION: Research is a process in which the investigator actively determines the question to answer, creates a data collection and analysis plan as well as a plan to control for events (known as threats) that would influence the outcome(Burns and Grove,2005).Nursing research is a systematic enquiry that seeks to add new nursing knowledge to benefit patients, families and communities. Research based practice is arguably the hallmark of professional nursing and is essential for high quality clinicalRead MoreThe Area Of Knowledge : Marriage And Family1332 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION NUMBER FIVE Area of Knowledge: Marriage and Family Develop a case study in the area of marriage and family therapy. 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In comparison to other large emergingRead MoreEssay on Experimental Methods Used in Applied Research1702 Words   |  7 Pagesp. 317).† In this paper I will discuss some of these experimental methods used in applied research. First, I will discuss the similarities and differences between descriptive and inferential statistics, and when they should be used. In addition, I will explain the similarities and differences between single-case and small N-research designs. Furthermore, I will explain when single-case and small-N-research designs are used. Moreover; I will examine true experiments and examine how they controlRead MoreThe Foundations Of Social Research914 Words   |  4 PagesThe Foundations of Social Research Introduction Discussion Notes There are many things I enjoyed about this chapter as it was eye-opening in regards to the epistemological frameworks used when doing research. This chapter forced me to examine what I believe about research, while also recognizing how much more I have to learn. I particularly enjoyed the focus on three epistemological frameworks, and had a difficult time establishing which of the three I preferred and why. I found myself wavering

America Favorite Car Brand Free Essays

An automobile is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor. Most definitions of the term specify that automobiles are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. Basically, automobiles stand a very important position in this society. We will write a custom essay sample on America Favorite Car Brand or any similar topic only for you Order Now A survey conducted from February 10th to February 13th, 2013 by researchers at Lab42 found that of 500 American car buyers, the Toyota car brand occupies the first position in terms of brand loyalty with consumers. Consumers are loyal first to the Toyota brand than to any other car brand. According to this survey the second and third positions are occupied by Chevrolet and Honda respectively. The survey focused on the fuel economy, driver ease, dependability, and second hade value. Toyota Motor Company will be the most loyalty-inducing brand in the United States. Besides Toyota and Honda, there are few more company were participate in this survey such as Ford, Nissan, Mazda, and others. When Americans think of repeat car buying they seek out Toyota. Toyota America’s favorite car brand is also top of mind when making new car purchases. The Toyota brand has commonly been known to be excellent in the following seven areas: safety, performance, value, design, environmental friendliness and technology. Descriptive research is very common in business and other aspects of life and most of the marketing research we have heard about or participated in can be categorized as descriptive research (Brown, 2012, p. 33). Basically, this purpose of this survey is to know what customers prefer and why. References Brown, T. J. , Suter, T. (2012). MR. Ohio: Mason. Epstein, Z. (2013). Trouble Brewing for Apple: Survey says half of IPhone users in China ‘want to own’ Galaxy S4. Retrieved from http://bgr. com/2013/04/15/iphone-galaxy-s4-survey-china-439099/ How to cite America Favorite Car Brand, Papers

Cognitive Versus Learning Styles †Free Samples to Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive Versus Learning Styles. Answer: Introduction: It is very essential to understand that what are different styles of learning that support their development. Dunn and Dunn recommended many learning styles that assist the learning activities of the children. The three learning styles are: Kina esthetic learning style: This learning style considers physical action that assist in learning. The thinking and mindset of the children is considered in this sort of learning. It assists the students to learn in real way. In this the young children learn new things by the different body movements. The learners that are related with this learning style respond in changed way. They learn new stuffs by the movements and experiences. The exercises that are associated with this kind of learning are dramatization, acting and the exercises that guarantee the development of the students (Nodoushan, 2014). Visual learning Style: In this type of learning the young children learn new things by properly seeing the image or the picture. The children only remember the things which they see everywhere. They are very strong in solving puzzles, mazes and many other games. This learning style induces the children to learn and think in unconventional manner. This learning style emphasis on showcasing more pictures and speaks less. The picture books and workbooks help them to increase their learning pattern (Truong, 2016). Auditory Learning style: In this type of learning the young children learns through listening. The auditory learner considers hearing and speaking as a main basis of learning. The learners are able to hear in effective way and it is very difficult to take the instructions that are drawn. The auditor learner learns new things just by hearing and listening. They do well in the oral exams and they listen to the information in effective way. They are good story teller. The learners solve the problems by talking. The young children learn new things and develop new things by hearing and listening to the information in effective and in efficient way. By listening the young children enhance their knowledge in effective way that gives benefit in future. It helps them to enhance their thinking capability so that they can perform in effective way. The technology is used to enhance the learning style of the young children. There are many technologies that are used by the young children. They use the technology to enhance their learning skills in effective way. It not only helps them to increase their learning pattern but also help them to keep the knowledge for long time. Now a days technology played a great role in increasing the knowledge of the children. Youthful kids are sufficiently brilliant to work on the device that upgrades their reasoning limit as well as improves their insight. There are numerous advancements that are thought about by the youthful kids. The latest and different technologies that are used by the children are tablet, camera, laptop and interactive white board. Tablet: It is the latest technology that is used by the student to enhance their learning capability. It comes under visual learning style. The student adapts new things or pick up information by observing the photos and pictures. It additionally causes the understudy to make and convey compelling introductions. Understudy can lead ongoing illustration, composing and activity that not just spare the season of learning but additionally gives improvement in learning. By observing new pictures the youngsters get pulled in towards it and that upgrades the learning design in compelling way. (Buchanan, Sainter Saunders, 2013). Camera: It helps the student to enhance their skills in effective manner. The abilities can be upgraded by utilizing camera. Camera will envision the things that stay in the brain of youthful kids for long time. It not just gets the consideration of the youthful youngsters yet additionally encourages them to learn new things in basic way. In this kina stylish style can be thought about in that the understudy utilize camera to learn new things. The physical development of the youthful kids is associated with this procedure. The exercises are included that can be just done by utilizing camera. Acting and show can be led with the assistance of camera (Kirkwood Price, 2014). Laptop: This is the most recent innovation that is considered by numerous understudies that upgrades the learning ability of the understudy. With the utilization of portable PC the understudy can viably learn and pick up information proficiently (Golonka, Bowles, Frank, Richardson and Freynik, 2014). It gets the consideration of youthful youngsters as well as causes them to think about various things in one of a kind way. It is the essential method that is utilized by numerous establishments and by guardians to upgrade the learning abilities of the youngsters. In this both sound-related and visual learning style are considered. The youthful kids can without much of a stretch see and envision the photos in compelling way and furthermore they can tune in to numerous things that improve the learning of the youthful kids (Shah, Ahmed, Shenoy Srikant, 2017). Interactive white board: It is the most popular learning technique among the students. It is an interactive board that consists of a dry eraser and also LCD projector. The white board turns into a computer screen that is shown to the young children. So that the attention of the children can be grabbed and they can learn and gain knowledge in effective way. This technology creates the one computer classroom an interactive class session that induces the young children to learn about new things (Anderson, 2016). Projectors: They are also used in the classroom from which the student can enhance their knowledge in effective way. The young children get attracted towards it and by this it enhances their knowledge and the pictures and images last long in their mind. It is both auditory and visual learning that enhances the learning skills of the young children in effective way. It induces young children to gain more and more knowledge about new things. It is a very useful and popular source that is used globally (Rogowsky, Calhoun Tallal, 2015). References: Anderson, T. (2016). Theories for learning with emerging technologies.Emerging technologies in distance education. Buchanan, T., Sainter, P., Saunders, G. (2013). Factors affecting faculty use of learning technologies: Implications for models of technology adoption.Journal of Computing in Higher Education,25(1), 1-11. Golonka, E. M., Bowles, A. R., Frank, V. M., Richardson, D. L., Freynik, S. (2014). Technologies for foreign language learning: a review of technology types and their effectiveness.Computer Assisted Language Learning,27(1), 70-105. Kirkwood, A., Price, L. (2014). Technology-enhanced learning and teaching in higher education: what is enhancedand how do we know? A critical literature review.Learning, media and technology,39(1), 6-36. Nodoushan, M. A. S. (2014). Cognitive Versus Learning Styles: Emergence of the Ideal Education Model (IEM).i-Manager's Journal on Educational Psychology,8(2), 31. Rogowsky, B. A., Calhoun, B. M., Tallal, P. (2015). Matching learning style to instructional method: Effects on comprehension.Journal of educational psychology,107(1), 64. Shah, K., Ahmed, J., Shenoy, N., Srikant, N. (2017). How different are students and their learning styles?.International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences,1(3), 212-215. Truong, H. M. (2016). Integrating learning styles and adaptive e-learning system: Current developments, problems and opportunities.Computers in Human Behavior,55, 1185-1193.

One More River Essays - Lesley, , Term Papers

One More River Can you imagine having to leave everything you have ever known to live in a country on the verge of war? Lesley Shelby, the main character in One More River by Lynn Reid Banks, knows exactly how it feels. This Jewish Canadian girl has to emigrate to Israel with her family. Through the determination and courage of one person we see how challenges, complications, and differences of the world are overcome. In the story the most important character is Lesley. Lesley is a spoiled, pretty, Jewish, fourteen year old living in Canada. As the story progresses we see Lesley change to a caring and mature person by overcoming the differences in her new life. Two other important characters are Nat Shelby and Mustapha. Lesleys father, Nat Shelby is the person who decided the family needed to live in Israel. Mr. Shelby decides he doesnt want his daughter growing up as a spoiled uncaring princess. Mustapha, other important character, is an Arab boy who Lesley watches abuse his donkey across the Jordan River. All the Jews are not supposed to hate Arabs, but Lesley however comes in contact with Mustapha by the river and talks to him as a person not as an enemy. Mustapha made Lesley a more understanding person towards different kinds of people. The character I would most admire is Lesley for her ability to adapt to a new home, country and way of life. Throughout the book there were many turning points. The war made Lesley really feel a part of Israel and the people. Another turning point was when Lesley was allowed to join the poola because she was finally excepted as one of them. The most important turning point is when Lesley, at the end of the book, takes the picture Mustapha threw at her and wrote a peace between us and between our peoples in three languages and stuck it in the wall in Jerusalem. The major conflict in this story was moving to Israel because Lesley threw fits until she secretly visited Noah. (Lesleys brother who was disowned because he married a catholic girl.) He told her to go and thats when the conflict stopped. The plot enabled the characters to change. Lesley became excepting of life and the Arabs through events in the plot. In 1966 the Shelbys lived in Canada and then moved to a center in Israel were they had to learn Hebrew. From the center they moved to a Kibbutz. Lesley is not excepting of everything until she decides to become one of them. After she understands the culture she begins to love it there and it becomes her home. The plot needs the setting changes to keep interest and to allow character growth. The author uses a lot of imagery and symbolism throughout the book. Whether shes describing the land or a dress, you can almost picture what it looks like. Lesley clutched at rough stems of plants as she half climbed, half slid down. You are able o see Lesley trying to get down the riverbank. An example of symbolism would be the river. The river is a symbol of stupidity of the two countries. They could get along if they would just set aside differences, have courage, and cross over to peace. Some of the patterns that contribute to the over-all theme are people forgetting about differences and having the courage to accept one another. Lesley realizes this after meeting Mustapha. Lesleys parents also realize this when Noah comes back. The most important lesson in the story was you could overcome anything if you have determination and courage. By the end of the story Lesley proved to have matured greatly and to except life in Israel. The story One More River taught us how to overcome challenges, complications, and differences of the world with determination and courage.

Motet Music Essays - Medieval Music, Renaissance Music, Free Essays

Motet Music Essays - Medieval Music, Renaissance Music, Free Essays Motet Music The genesis of the motet is, like the biblical birth of Eve, a matter of appendage. In the case of Eve, a rib was removed from Adam and fashioned into a women; the motet was a rib added to pre-existing clausulae. James C. Thomson describes this development as follows: In the thirteenth century, perhaps sooner, it became the practice to add a new text to the upper voice of a clausula. The newly worded, was then called motetus. (Thomson, 56) Despite its somewhat haphazard birth, the form was widely accepted. Grout describes its popularity as: Thousands of motets were written in the thirteenth century; the style spread from Paris throughout France and to all parts of western Europe. (Grout, 99) Originality was not a hallmark of the thirteenth century motet. In fact, of the two essential characteristics of the motet, one was that it was constructed on a cantus firmus, some pre-existent melody (Thomson, 57) The other was that it had at least two different texts. As Grout points out, the stock of motet melodies, both tenors and upper parts, lay in the public domain; composers and performers freely helped themselves to the music of their predecessors without acknowledgment and altered it without notice. (Grout, 99) A unique characteristic of the motet of this period is the mixing of melodies and rhythms. Alfred Einstein described this technique as: This may be called polymelody, the compulsory combination of the two or more distinct melodies with different rhythms (Einstein, 26) With the acceptance of such combinations came the development of stranger mixtures. Side by side with a sacred liturgical text appeared secular texts of sometimes outrageous contrast. The mixture of sacred and secular text was a result of the fact that less and less notice was taken of the connection between the texts of the tenor and duplum. Einstein theorized this development was arbitrary, however most belief the music is premised on an, internal perception (Bukofzer, 28) and to the musician, to them a detail was a value in itself. (Mathiassen, 70) The motet blended the different planes of music. An additional development in the technique of mixing and adding is that not only was it polyphonic, polyrythmic, and polytextual, but music was now polyglot: one or more vernacular (French) texts might be substituted for Latin ones. (Thomson, 57) During this time, composers of the Notre Dame School concerned themselves with the development of clausulae in rhythmically identical patterns. (Harman, 53) Harman writes: This was not only the culmination of the Notre Dame preoccupation with rhythm, but was also a very important innovation, because it eventually developed into the chief structural device of the fourteenth century motet. (Harman, 53) The structural device alluded to above, goes under name of isorhythm, (same rhythm). At first, this concept of single rhythm was applied solely to the tenor part, but gradually the principle was applied to the other parts. Creating a greater unity and sense of whole to the listener. Philippe de Vitry (1291-1361) was a master of the isorythmic motet. (Thomson, 59) It was he who pioneered the application of the principle to the other parts. He and Guillaume de Machaut (c.1300-c.1377), whose claim that the ear should be used to check a completed composition was the first indication that the combination of the given melodies was beginning to yield to a freer, more individual attitude towards creative art. (Einstein, 34) Machaut was the most prominent practitioner of the strophic motet and preferred the use of French text. (Saide, 625) The fourteenth century also witnessed a change in attitude toward text. The polytextual thirteenth-century motet was replaced by the fourteenth-century forms, which typically had a single text, treated either as a solo (the French ballad) or distributed between the voices in such a way as to keep the words always clearly understandable. (Grout, 157) The development of the motet from the thirteenth to the fifteenth centuries can be characterized as a gradual turning away from the abstract, nonsensuous principles of construction toward pleasure of sounds for their own sake, and toward a clarity of structure immediately apparent from the music itself, without reference to esoteric meanings. (Grout, 157) Many of the motets written during the fourteenth century were constructed in

French Trains Vocabulary - Prendre le Train En France

French Trains Vocabulary - Prendre le Train En France Taking the train is a fast, often comfortable and relatively cheap way to travel in France. Yes, there are strikes, but not all the time, and all in all, taking the train is quite reliable. I will be writing several lessons on this subject: tips to feel prepared when you travel by train, easy learn French in context story with English/French side by side translations  and even a useful questions and answers lessons. So make sure you subscribe to my newsletter to get informed of new releases. Un voyageur – a travelerLa gare – the station (watch out for the pronunciation – gAr, not gayr which is â€Å"la guerre: war)Un billet – a ticketUn guichet – a boothUne salle d’attente – waiting areaUn panneau d’information – information displayLe dà ©part – departureL’arrivà ©e - arrivalsLa seconde classe, la premià ¨re classe – 2nd  and 1st  classUn aller simple – one wayUn aller-retour – round tripUne place (assise) – a seatUne place duo – 2 seats next to each otherUn carrà © – 4 seats, separated in 2 rows facing each otherUne rà ©servation – bookingVoyager dans le sens du train – to be facing towards where the train is goingUn billet remboursable – refundable ticketUn billet à ©changeable – exchangeable ticketUn train direct – direct trainUne correspondance – transferUn changement – transferLe quai †“ the platformLe passage souterrain – the underground passLe rail, la voie – the track (rail is pronounced like rye in English)La voiture, le wagon (v sound) – the carLe bar – the snack carUn contrà ´leur – a controller Follow these links for more of my taking the train in France related articles: -  Master Train Announcements in French-  Lets Take the Train Together - Bilingual French English Story

Modernism and Postmodernism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modernism and Postmodernism - Research Paper Example The researchers of modernism have always noted a special interest of its members in creating new forms, defiantly opposed to the harmonic forms of classical art, as well as emphasis on the subjectivity of the modernist worldview. The first modernists are the people of the late 19th century raised by the general crisis of European culture. Many of them rejected the methods of social and political radicalism in the change of lifestyle, but they were all ardent supporters of the spiritual revolution, which, in their view, was inevitably born by the crisis of the old world. Spiritual revolution, as a new quality of consciousness and a new concept of life, demanded a new ideological platform. This platform was formulated on the basis of Henri Bergson’s intuitionism, Nietzscheanism, Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology, Sigmund Freud’s and Carl Jung’s psychoanalysis, Soren Kierkegaard’s and Martin Heidegger’s existentialism. The works of these authors no t only cemented the ideological platform of modernist art searches in the period, but allowed this artistic school to act retrospectively, capturing the events of preceding culture, and prospectively, leaving the field for experiments in the future (postmodernism). Modernism, fighting for liberation and renewal of forms in art, could not exist without common ties with the history of culture, recognizing in this way the principles of historicism in its own trend: â€Å"the creation of a usable past was a key means of both coming to terms with and keeping at bay the pressures and the alleged chaos of the modern world at the turn of the twentieth century†.... ly confronted with the further development of the qualities generated not by modernism, but by the Romantic era of the French Revolution and radical sentimentalism of Johann Herder and Gotthold Lessing. This, for example, is the emphasis on the place of the individual consciousness in life in the cosmos. However, the romantic individualism of the 18th century and modernist individualism are fundamentally different phenomena. In romanticism the individual was either the owner of all spiritual riches of the universe, or this individual grieved about the unavailability of absolute values and universal ideals not denying the possibility of their existence. Modernists, on the contrary, recognized the insolubility of these issues, came to a denial of the spiritual and moral â€Å"absolutes.† At the same time, they tried to revive the myth-creating method, which, in their opinion, was able to restore the integrity of the organic and human life in a single cosmological system by the m eans of art. The poetry of modernism had a deep sympathy to the ideas of a new, mystical ideas and myth. In the effort to speak the language of new images the symbolists did not reject the traditions of classical poetry, but on the contrary, tried to build a new language based on ancient archaic images. Modernist poets paid a lot of attention to classical mythology (Paul Valery, Thomas Eliot), national folkloric characters (William Yates), ancient esoteric teachings and their modern modifications, like theosophy or anthroposophy (Yates, for example, created his own mystical system). The foundation of the modernist prose was laid by the Austrian writer Franz Kafka. According to him, the whole world order is most tragic and hostile to man, who is powerless and doomed to suffer. Plots of Kafka’s

Describe The Future of Employee Training and Development Essay

Describe The Future of Employee Training and Development - Essay Example Investing in the employees is considered to be the best investment on the part of the modern organizations. The increasing levels of competition and sustainability issues in the business environments have created a pressing need for companies to manage their assets well. The human resources in an organization are the most valuable resources. Investing in the human resources is seen as a profitable investment with massive returns in terms of organizational improvement, value creation and competitive advantage creation. Learning is a process by which the employees gather information and use this information in their daily job roles. This often leads to the overall development of the employees in terms of skills and knowledge. Many businesses are focusing on developing talent pools within the organizations to ensure efficiency and competitive advantage of their businesses. The future trends of employee learning and development are expected to be innovative and dramatically different from the conventional ways of training and development. One of the main trends expected to play a dominant role in the future of employee learning and development is that learning will assume a central role and evolve beyond mere training and development practices. In the present situation, training is seen as a main medium of imparting knowledge to the employees with the training instructor playing an influential role as the center of all information. This involves a traditional classroom setting. However, it is expected that in the future, the role of the employees would be more established in the training settings with the employees emerging as the seekers of information and knowledge (Wilson, 2005). The focus would be on the employees trying to tap in various resources to satisfy their learning and development needs. The employee training processes are likely to become blended in the future which will

Slavery and The Making Of America Essay Example for Free

Slavery and The Making Of America Essay Have you ever thought about the explicit details that went into the creation of America? Slavery and the Making of America, written by James Oliver Horton and Lois E. Horton uses facts and stories to portray the life of slaves, and the evolution of slavery over several decades, and its effect on America today. The title of this book, Slavery and the Making of America is a great leeway into the authors’ main thesis of the book; â€Å"Slavery was, and continues to be, a critical factor in shaping the United States and all of its people. As Americans, we must understand slavery’s history if we are ever to be emancipated from its consequences,† (Horton). Throughout the six chapters in this book, the authors’ go into explicit details on what actions from both white Americans and African slaves led to the Civil War, the abolition of slavery and America as it is today. Slavery and the Making of America is a book split into 6 chapters. The book starts off by explaining history about African slaves, and their bringing to America. Africans’ were kept as slaves in the United States for at least twelve generations. Slavery was one of the main components that led to the building of America. Well-endowed white men would buy slaves to work on their plantations. Slaves eventually created a basis for America’s wealth as a nation, especially with their labor put towards farming cotton. This book not only goes into details about the labor that the slaves partook in on a daily basis that kept America up and running, but also about the cultural aspect of bring slaves into the country. Bringing African’s over to America brought a whole new culture to America. Although white men enslaved African’s they continued to embrace their culture. They brought a new religion, language, music, and several skills that have uniquely blended the American culture  that it is today. This book shares stories of African people slowly becoming African Americans, despite the conditions that they lived and worked in. It goes into detail about the contradiction of the American people. How could a country founded on the basis of freedom and equality for all believe in slavery and unequal treatment of persons due to race? This book shares details of white Americans, generation after generation, trying to reconcile this contradiction, yet being unsuccessful. Although black people were enslaved, they never lost hope or determination to live up to the principles stated in the founding documents of America. The African Roots of Colonial America, the first chapter in this book, reflects the authors’ main thesis by examining the beginning of the African slave trade in America. During this time millions of Americans were shipped across the Atlantic in the largest forced migration in human history. During this time hundred of thousands of slaves were sent, and arrived to the new land annually. These slaves were used to create a newer and stronger global economy, by farming cotton, tobacco, and sugar in the Americas. Chapter two, Slavery: From the Revolution to the Co tton Kingdom shows a different perspective of the authors’ thesis. This chapter goes into more depth about the American Revolution and the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The authors’ explain that the white Americans’ had no intentions to include blacks in the Declaration of Independence despite the hostility from blacks, both those who were slaves and those who were free. The American Revolution was a turning point in slavery. Thousands of slaves escaped to the British, many settling in different countries. In the midst of the Revolutionary War, President Jackson sought out to black troops, granting them freedom from slavery if they survived the war. After the American Revolution, westward expansion was beginning to happen. With new technology of the cotton gin, more and more slaves were needed in the pursuit of expansion. Throughout this book the authors’ tie in specific persons and events that support their thesis. Several people who have shaped American history are mentioned in this book including Ellen Craft, Fr ederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and Henry Box’ Brown. The middle of this book goes into explanation of fugitive slaves and Underground Railroad; â€Å"The terms associated with the new railroad became the code words used by these secret organizations. They called escape routes rails, safe houses stations, and the fugitives themselves  passengers or packages. Those who assisted fugitives called themselves conductors,† (Horton). Almost every important event in American history between 1650 and 1896 had some implication with racial inequality or slavery. The last two chapters of the book go into details about the ending of the Civil War and the final years of slavery in America. Chapter 5 looks into the actions of black Americans during the war that eventually led to freedom. Chapter 6 goes hand in hand with the main thesis of the book, describing the fight for equality of all races, specifically blacks in America. The authors’ talk about the Emancipation Proclamation, and the â€Å"passing of the thirteenth amendment, pro viding for total abolition of American Slavery,† (Horton). Although slavery had been abolished, there was still not equality in the United States, and there would not be for quite some time. Over time, racial inequality slowly diminished, through the passing of the fourteenth amendment (equal citizenship for blacks), the fifteenth amendment (right to vote), and the Civil Rights Act, which was eventually repealed in 1883. One of my favorite aspects of this book is that there is a companion video and website that compliment it very well. The website is very interactive and goes along right with the book. It shares personal stories of the slaves. It also has a very descriptive timeline of events that occurred over several centuries, which is also provided in the back of the book. I enjoyed that this book and the website not only focused on the labor that the slaves did but their culture. It showed what types of clothes they wore, what type of music they played and listened to. When Africans were first brought to America, they never stopped believing in their culture and where they came from. One of the founding principles of the United States is the ability for different races and ethnicities to come together and create one America, a melting pot. Although the predominant race was white Europeans and still is to this day, people of all races are free to their own culture. I believe that this book and all the content that goes along with it is very well written and accurate. I enjoyed that this book went to a more personal level and told stories of specific slaves, and their hardships. The authors’ thesis throughout this book is very vague but I think they still provide a substantial amount of information to back up their thesis, throughout the whole book. I agree fully that slavery was one of the most important  influential aspects of American History. Although I think that there was information that the authors’ left out. This book focuses predominantly on the slavery of Africans, even though many other races were also sold as slaves throughout many decades. Hundreds of thousands of Irish were sold to English settlers for hundreds of years, and often saw harsher punishment than their African counterparts. I feel like the credibility of the book would go up significantly if it focused on the broad spectrum of slavery, rather than only focusing on the history of slavery throughout African American history. I would put this book on a list of must reads, as it really shows you the smaller, more important details that built a foundation for this country. Overall I felt that this book was a great at going into more detail on slavery and how important it actually was in the creation of America. Although I knew that slavery was a main component in the United States history, this book was an eye opener, and reminded me that almost all of the most significant events that shape the history of this country were primarily based around slavery and the freedom and equality of all persons. Works Cited Horton, James Oliver, and Lois E. Horton. Slavery and the Making of America. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print. Slavery and the Making of America. PBS. PBS, 1 Jan. 2004. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. .

The Alluring Amontillado Essays -- Literature

The Alluring Amontillado Revenge is the act of retaliation for an offense or injury caused to a person by another. The act of revenge can become an overpowering and consuming emotion that involves every part of someone’s existence. In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† revenge is the theme that runs throughout the story and drives the motive for murder. The character, Montresor, uses revenge as his motive for killing Fortunato. Fortunato is reminiscent of a fatherly character, which elicits painful memories for Montresor. In eliminating Fortunato, Montresor assumes the role that places him closest to the affections of a motherly figure. Edgar Allan Poe’s life is reflective of the motivations of Montresor’s actions and how the Oedipus complex is featured in this short story. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1809 to parents who were actors at the local theatre. He never knew his father, David Poe, who died in 1810 after abandoning Poe’s mother shortly after Poe was born. His mother, who suffered from consumption, died in Richmond, Virginia in late 1811, orphaning Edgar, his older brother William Henry, and half-sister Rosalie. Soon after their mother’s death, the children were separated and sent to relatives or other families to be raised. Edgar had very little contact with his siblings after their mother’s death. A planter and his wife, who lived in Richmond Virginia, accepted Poe into their family, but never formally adopted him. From the childless wife of Mr. John Allan, Edgar received extensive affection, but it was improbable that she was ever able to give all the affection that he craved from his deceased birth mother. Mr. Allan regarded Edgar with mute affection and mostly offered money in place of any physi... ... who was forever searching for that one elusive person who could give him the validation he so wanted. He appears to have placed so much value on the affections of a mother who would forever be absent. Montresor, in Poe’s fictional story, was successful in committing the revengeful deed he sought. Fortunato, from his grave, forever haunted the lonesome soul of Montresor. Works Cited May, Charles E. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study of the Short Fiction. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Print. Poe, Edgar. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado.† The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature: Reading, Thinking, Writing. Ed. Michael Meyer. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2012. 533-537. Print. Pruette, Lorine. "A Psycho-Analytical Study of Edgar Allan Poe." The American Journal of Psychology 31.4 (1920): 370-402. JSTOR. Web. 31 Mar. 2012. .

An Essay on Jane Addams

The argument Addams makes that â€Å"educational matters are more democratic in their political than in their social aspect†, I believe she is referring to the long struggle between the teachers and the Chicago School Board. The Chicago School Board was politically corrupt. Many of the teachers and custodial engineers were friends of politicians who secured their positions in exchange for certain kickbacks. The school board maintained control over the school administration for many years. During which they restricted the types of children that were able to attend the public schools and they restricted the amount of freedom and authority the teachers were able to use in their classrooms. On several different occasions the â€Å"Dunne† members of the board attempted to lower the restriction on the teachers side but were warned-off with tales of the politicians and the difficulties previous attempts encountered. Addams' describes the situation between the superintendent and the Teachers' Federation as â€Å"an epitome of the struggle between efficiency and democracy† (171). She clearly understood both standpoints and why they both felt compelled to make their argument, although she does mention that they both â€Å"inevitably exaggerated the difficulties of the situation† (171). As a member of the school board, Addams tried to influence the Federation to make changes that would be in the best interest of the children, but after the legal struggle and following months of constant change, many of the important measure were withdrawn. Although she did have an opportunity to debate these measures in a democratic way, they were dismissed because of (more or less) political reasons. Jane Addams' role for education in an effort to reform the city was to take the disruptive delinquents the public schools rejected and accept them unconditionally into the settlement. Give them the opportunity to learn domestic training and trade teachings. She felt that even people of lesser means were interested in the same topics as the â€Å"well-to-do† people of society. She also thought that if you give a child encouragement and a sense of self-worth combined with an opportunity to become something in society that they would try to become productive. Hull-House offered educational opportunities for anyone who wanted to attend with no political or economic restrictions. Hull-House also offered the opportunity for recreation, such as supervised sports matches, which hundreds of youths seemed to prefer. Jane Addams' makes an important statement that â€Å"The educational activities of a Settlement, as well as its philanthropic, civic, and social undertakings, are but differing manifestations of the attempt to socialize democracy, as is the very existence of the Settlement itself,† (206). That illustrates her idea of education, which I believe is what she wanted for the public school system, but was unable to achieve while she was a member of the board. An Essay on Jane Addams The argument Addams makes that â€Å"educational matters are more democratic in their political than in their social aspect†, I believe she is referring to the long struggle between the teachers and the Chicago School Board. The Chicago School Board was politically corrupt. Many of the teachers and custodial engineers were friends of politicians who secured their positions in exchange for certain kickbacks. The school board maintained control over the school administration for many years. During which they restricted the types of children that were able to attend the public schools and they restricted the amount of freedom and authority the teachers were able to use in their classrooms. On several different occasions the â€Å"Dunne† members of the board attempted to lower the restriction on the teachers side but were warned-off with tales of the politicians and the difficulties previous attempts encountered. Addams' describes the situation between the superintendent and the Teachers' Federation as â€Å"an epitome of the struggle between efficiency and democracy† (171). She clearly understood both standpoints and why they both felt compelled to make their argument, although she does mention that they both â€Å"inevitably exaggerated the difficulties of the situation† (171). As a member of the school board, Addams tried to influence the Federation to make changes that would be in the best interest of the children, but after the legal struggle and following months of constant change, many of the important measure were withdrawn. Although she did have an opportunity to debate these measures in a democratic way, they were dismissed because of (more or less) political reasons. Jane Addams' role for education in an effort to reform the city was to take the disruptive delinquents the public schools rejected and accept them unconditionally into the settlement. Give them the opportunity to learn domestic training and trade teachings. She felt that even people of lesser means were interested in the same topics as the â€Å"well-to-do† people of society. She also thought that if you give a child encouragement and a sense of self-worth combined with an opportunity to become something in society that they would try to become productive. Hull-House offered educational opportunities for anyone who wanted to attend with no political or economic restrictions. Hull-House also offered the opportunity for recreation, such as supervised sports matches, which hundreds of youths seemed to prefer. Jane Addams' makes an important statement that â€Å"The educational activities of a Settlement, as well as its philanthropic, civic, and social undertakings, are but differing manifestations of the attempt to socialize democracy, as is the very existence of the Settlement itself,† (206). That illustrates her idea of education, which I believe is what she wanted for the public school system, but was unable to achieve while she was a member of the board.

Report On Aspects of Employment Covered by Law Essay

Britain has a deficit crisis, from which the only escape route, is economic growth. Growth needs to be encouraged in every way possible.   I’m now working in Health and Social Care, it’s my first job here in the UK.I find that here in Great Britain has loads of legislation designed to ensure that discrimination on certain grounds is unlawful, and also protect workers like me. This report will cover pieces of aspects of employment covered by legislation relevant to this area, outlining why legislation relating to employment exists and the list of sources of information and advice about employment responsibilities and rights: The Equality Act 2010 The Equality Act 2010 consolidates the previous nine pieces of equality legislation based on protected characteristics to create, for the first time in Great Britain, unified equality legislation. The nine protected characteristics are: age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. Among other things, the Act simplifies or clarifies the definitions of direct discrimination (including association and perception), indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation and extends positive equality duties to public authorities which must have due regard to the need to eliminate discrimination, advance equality of opportunity, and foster good relations between different groups. The definition of disability under the law has changed such that a person who ahs a â€Å"physical or mental impairment that has long-term adverse effect on their ability don’t have to show that their impa irment affects a particular capacity. The definition of gender reassignment has also been change-stating that this apply to â€Å" a person who is proposing to undergo, is undergoing or has undergone process to change their sex†. Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Sexual Discrimination Act of 1975 was introduced to protect individuals from discrimination on the grounds of gender. Sexual Discrimination can take many forms. It is essential to understand that sexual discrimination is judged to be unwanted attention by the victim of the behaviour, not the perpetrator. Discrimination was set out in two forms: Direct Discrimination- simply stated that one person is treated less favourably than another based on gender. Indirect Discrimination –on the other is quit complex, this takes place if a requirement or condition is imposed, which has nothing to with gender but in practices. The Sex Discrimination Act also made it unlawful; to discriminate on the ground of marital status. Equal Pay Act 1970/1975 It simply states that Men and Women should receive equal pay for work of equal value. Human Rights Act 1998 The Human Right Act 1998 was introduced by Parliament and came into force in October 200. There are different article in this Act. Theses include: Article 2- everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law. Article 3- no one shall be subjected to degrading treatment. Article 5- everyone has the right to liberty and security of a person. Article 8-eeryone has the right to respect for his private and family life and his correspondence. Article 9- everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. Article 12- men and women of marriageable age have the right to marry and found a family. Article 14- the enjoyment of these rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground. Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 Establishes the rights of all people arrested by the police. Detainees have the right to legal advice and right to notify person who is likely interested in their welfaire. Civil Partnership Act 2004 This establishes the right of same sex couples to enter into a civil partnership. This is not marriage but is a relationship of equivalent seriousness and commitment. Health and Safety Health and safety is important to every work that we do. The legislation of health and safety is generally covered by statutory regulations. These legislations are: Health and Safety at Work Act 19 74 Employers have a duty to ensure the health and safety at work for all employees, provide and maintain equipment and system in safe condition and provide information, training and supervision relating to health and safety at work. Managers have the duty to maintain a safe working environment for all staff, ensuring that staffs follow policies, procedures and instructions. Give well information about hazard and safe working to new members of staff and also to report or record any accidents. Employees have duty to follow rules and regulation at work, ensure that they use materials in recommended procedures and not misuses anything provided for health ,safety and welfare. Food Safety Act 1990 This applies wherever food is supplied other than within a family situation. This Act is a wide ranging piece of legislation which strengthened and updated existing laws relevant to food and safety. Holidays Annual leave entitlements should be agreed when an employee starts work, details of holidays and holiday pay should be found in the employee’s written statement or contract of employment. Most workers are legally entitled to 5.6 weeks paid holiday per year (this is known as statutory entitlement). Part time worker are entitled to the same amount of holiday (pro rota) as full time colleagues. Employers can set the times when workers can take their leave – for example a Christmas shut down. If employment ends workers have the right to be paid for any leave due but not taken. There is no legal right to paid public holidays Equal pay Employers must give men and women equal treatment in the terms and conditions of their employment contract if they are employed to do: ‘like work’ – work that is the same or broadly similar  work rated as equivalent under a job evaluation study Work found to be of equal value in terms of effort, skill or decision making. Employees are also entitled to know how their pay is made up. For example, if there is a bonus system, everyone should know how to earn bonuses and how they are calculated. National Minimum Wage Most workers in the UK over school leaving age are entitled to be paid at least the NMW. The NMW rates are reviewed each year by the Low Pay commission. Most workers will be entitled to the National Minimum Wage (NMW). Normally the NMW rate changes in October each year. There are no exemptions according to the size of business. HM Revenue & Customs can take employers to court for not paying the NMW. II. Outlining why legislation relating to employment exist: Legislation relating to employment exists to stop exploitation of workers by their employers mainly to protect the rights of their employee’s and to make sure that they have everything they need such as: * Minimum wage * Safety standards * Holiday entitlement * Maternity leave * Redundancy payments * Discrimination laws * Maximum working hours * Age requirement All employees need to have all good things that protect them from unscrupulous bosses. III. Sources of information and advice about employment and rights: * Contract- All employees have an employment contract with their employer. A contract is an agreement that sets out an employee’s: employment conditions rights responsibilities duties These are called the ‘terms’ of the contract. * Handbook- An employee handbook, sometimes also known as an employee manual or staff handbook, is a book given to employees by an employer. Usually, the employee handbook contains information about company policies and procedures. * Policy documents – is a deliberate system of principles to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent, and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by the Board of or senior governance body within an organization whereas procedures or protocols would be developed and adopted by senior executive officers. * Terms and conditions -Terms and conditions of employment are the elements of a contract which help to define the relation between an employer  and an employee * Job description – A broad, general, and written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of a job analysis. It generally includes duties, purpose, responsibilities, scope, and working conditions of a job along with the job’s title, and the name or designation of the person to whom the employee reports. Job description usually forms the basis of job specification.

Helicopter Aerodynamics essays

Helicopter Aerodynamics essays Helicopters are the most versatile aircraft today because of their ability to use three-dimensional space. Their flexibility allows them to fly backwards, hover, and rotate in air. This makes helicopters a lot more complicated than other aircraft aerodynamically and from a pilots point of view. A modern helicopters power source comes from a turbo-shaft engine, which does not produce thrust. Instead they create mechanical power to drive a shaft that connects to the main rotor. The shape of the turbine blades determines whether thrust is used to drive a shaft, or if most of the thrust is used to propel the aircraft and send a small amount of drive power to the compressor. In helicopters they are used the drive the shaft. These engines are light, powerful, and economical. To get the power from the turbo-shaft engine to the main rotor, a gearbox transfers the engine power to a transmission. The transmission reduces the revolutions per minute (RPM) from thousands to one-hundreds. This increases the torque so it can be accepted by the rotor system. The transmission gives direct power to the rotors. The tail rotor is powered the same way. Once the main rotor is in motion is acts as a wing to create lift. The rotor wings on a helicopter are shaped the same as an airfoil on an airplane, but a lot narrower so they can spin faster. If the rotor wings are rotated to give a slight angle of attack lift is created. When the helicopter leaves the ground the body will spin with the rotor because there is no counter acting force. This is where the tail rotor comes in. The tail rotor produces sideways thrust that counteracts the engines ability to spin the body. To control the helicopter both rotors have to be adjustable. Symmetrical airfoils have identical upper and lower surfaces. They are suited to helicopters because they have almost no center of pressure travel. Travel remains constant under different angles of attack, a...

Bias and Hate Crimes

Given that our society has such a dense population of different races, ethnicities, religions and sexual orientations, it is important to understand both the goals and challenges of policing and dealing with hate and bias crimes. Considering that since the beginning stages of immigration we have tried to support successful assimilation, hate and bias crimes create a huge barrier. Hate and bias crimes â€Å"occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain social group, usually defined by race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, or political affiliation† (en. wikipedia. org). Not only is it difficult for our society to identify this sort of crime, but it is also extremely hard to enact comprehensive laws governing the way police and society as a whole should handle these crimes. An important problem associated with bias and hate crimes is distinguishing them from other â€Å"everyday† crimes; often, the terms are used interchangeably. Law enforcement as well as the general public should understand that bias and hate crimes are in many ways the same crimes that are committed everyday, but that hate and bias crimes are committed intentionally against a person because of a certain bias and are usually much more violent. Furthermore, deciding how offenders should be identified and punished is sometimes problematic â€Å"because motivation is subjective, [and] it is often difficult for police officers to determine whether an offense was motivated by bias† (Katz, pg 301) Our constitution, as well as the laws which followed it, were written to ensure that â€Å"every citizen, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, economic status, background, age, or culture [receives] the highest level of service available and equal treatment under the law† (www. wppd. org). Yet, hate and bias crimes have become such a major issue in our country that goals like high service and equality are being threatened. As a result, Congress passed the â€Å"Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 1999† on March 11, 1999. Congress developed this act due to the growing concern that â€Å"the problem of hate crimes is sufficiently serious, widespread, and interstate in nature as to warrant Federal assistance to States and local jurisdictions† (thomas. loc. gov). This concern stemmed largely from the continuing realization that â€Å"bias crimes affect victims not only physically, but also at the very core of their identity, creating a sense of ulnerability heightened beyond that normally found in crime victims†¦Such crimes violate not only society’s general concern for the security of its members and their property, but also the shared values of equality and racial and religious harmony in a multicultural society. 11 (Lawrence, pg 50-51). While the 19 99 Hate Crimes Prevention Act was a large step toward streamlining our definitions of and positions toward hate crimes, there is still a long way to go. Hate and bias crimes not only effect the individuals involved, but they also have a strong effect on our communities. Currently, one of the most effective ways of dealing with hate and bias crimes is involving the police and the punishment of those who committ them. Every state and even individual police departments currently determine their own policies when it comes to identifying and reporting bias and hate crimes. In recent years, many studies have been done in order to determine whether the adoption of uniform hate crime policies is effective at the local level. A study done in California found that â€Å"formal policies positively influence police behavior. Having a hate crime policy may increase an agency’s propensity to report hate crime by as much as 25%† (repositories. cdlib. org). Still, while this might be a helpful step, it is still tough to define, identify and fairly deal with bias crimes on a case-by-case basis. There is still no clearly-defined code given to officers concerning how to deal with hate and bias crimes, and because every situation is different and deserves individual attention, police officers are given a certain amount of discretion.

Assignment- Top Urgent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assignment- Top Urgent - Essay Example With the evolution of the club into a global enterprise, a significant proportion of the authentic supporters of Manchester United felt alienated by this novel trend towards profit maximization and corporate sponsors. The bursting coffers of Manchester United started attracting hostile takeovers by early 2005. In particular, coveting aspirations of the American investor Malcolm Glazer, least interested in football, commensurately attracted the ire of the Shareholders United, a front of small shareholders owing a sincere allegiance to the club. An impressive number of supporters even managed to float a parallel club. Eventually, Glazer managed to have his way by purchasing a majority stake in the club. The British government preferred to leave the matter to the shareholders. In this altered scenario, Glazer came out with his aggressive corporate plans. In the meantime, the Shareholders United not only swelled in following, but also managed to garner free legal representation and popul ar financial and organizational support. Glazer attempted to dilute such opposition by dedicating some funds for the upkeep of sports and the sportsmen. By June 2005, United reverted to private ownership, courtesy the loans accrued and the support of old veterans. In the existing scenario, the club seems to be the cause of rift between its businesses minded owners and its dedicated fans and small shareholders. In the post Glazer scenario, the club has undoubtedly managed to do well, going by its augmenting fan following around the world, the generation of massive revenues, bee lining sponsors and lucrative merchandizing. Therefore, for the time, the things definitely stand to be propitious for United. However, considering the immense growth potential of football as an international sport, the owners may loose to the upcoming competition from other clubs, if

BASIC STATISTICAL MEASURES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BASIC STATISTICAL MEASURES - Essay Example The descriptive statistics provided by the authors on their research findings forms a good basis for understanding the role played by these traits in influencing performance and efficiency of a virtual team. In the course of reading this article, I will apply myself to the issues brought about in the question paper. Consciousness variance affects virtual team performance performance in a negatively for extroversion incongruity values below 0.76/0.46=1.52. Since 77% of the sample that forms the majority falls is in this range, then it is evident that conscientiousness variance impacts negatively on performance of virtual teams (Turel & Zhang, 2010). This supports the second hypothesis which states that within-virtual-team conscientiousness variance will have a negative influence on performance of virtual team. Secondly, within-virtual-team extroversion variance does not have a positive effect on virtual team’s accomplishments since this measure did not receive any backing in the presence of a term of interaction. Thirdly, a variation in terms of extroversion helps reduce the negative impact of conscientiousness deviation on virtual teams’ performance to a great extent. Therefore, the interplay between within-virtual-team conscientiousness variations and within-virtual-team extrover sion variations will have a positive impact on virtual the performance of virtual teams. Lastly, variations on perceived problem solving methods within the team impacts negatively on performance of that particular team; hence members of a team who have similar levels of perceived of perceived requirements for problem solving make a positive contribution to group performance (Turel & Zhang, 2010). Therefore, team performance is negatively influenced by perceptions on requirements for solving problems within that particular team. In this study, nominal scale was used as seen in the selection of those interviewed, who

Retail Marketing (retail development) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Retail Marketing (retail development) - Essay Example This is the process of matching the personal requirements of consumers and the product from the producers. Retailers break the bulk for the consumers. On the other hand, one stop shopping is a concept that allows a collection of products to consumers at one location. The ideology behind this kind of retail development is to ensure convenience for customers since their needs are usually varied. It's also beneficial to the business as it will be able to sell more. A retailer is an agency, a person, or an institution that is influential or very active in ensuring that merchandise or products are available to the final consumer (Kaufman 2006). Retailers often carry out critical tasks that ensure the products are attractive to the clients and that they fulfil the need that they are intended for. By this, the retailers are able to anticipate the needs of the clients, develop a variety of products, collect market information and obtain financial support (Thorne & Mackey 2007). There is a common assumption that retailing involves the selling of products in stores. This is partly true as the phenomenon also includes the selling of services like in a beauty parlour, car rental and restaurants. One very important function of retailing is providing a variety of products at one place for the clients. ... One-stop shopping has developed rapidly due to the changing societal needs to save time, find convenience and minimize movement (Kaufman 2006). The contemporary society now finds this trend conducive with the current lifestyle since shoppers are able to fulfil most of their need at once in one place. This therefore means that an appropriate assortment of products is a must and that the desirable mix of stores has to be collected together at one convenient spot (Samli 2003). One-stop shopping is associated directly with the number of hours people spend in stores shopping The use of a product's best characteristics within the promotions in the market is still very appropriate but it's evident that due to competition and the needs of clients, something more than just market campaign has to be done (Thorne & Mackey 2007). The service industry has been spearheading the changes and has become the primary criteria that clients use to determine where to shop. Better service will keep the clients coming back. The tendency has naturally developed and influenced the product stores to adopt offering a variety of goods and services under one umbrella (Kaufman 2006). This benefits the customers and sellers. The location of a business unit is critical. Producers usually consider different factors before they can decide on where to locate their premises for stores. Some of them include market availability, factors of production and security. Retailers base their location of demand, supply and store image factors. The number of operation units is usually very high in a one stop shopping centre. This is so that the centre can be able to meet the demand and cover a wide geographical area (Thorne & Mackey 2007) In a shopping centre, retailer

Effect of Discounting on Climate Change

Effect of Discounting on Climate Change Introduction Climate change can be termed as the single largest problem that we as a humanity are facing at present. Since the 1960’s- when for the first time the perils of greenhouse gas emissions on climate were reported- the gravity associated with demand for action on climate change has only been increasing.Though the impacts of climate change are already being felt in terms of increased frequency of disasters and changing weather patterns, a majority of the impacts are to affect future generations only. This raises many questions on whether to act on climate change now or later. The role ethics has to play in tackling such an issue is immense. Individual perceptions, their choices and what defines morality for them all come in to light while determining action on climate change. Since the formation of UNFCCC, under which international negotiations on climate change are being held, the weightage on acting against climate change has been catapulted to a global level. The framework has seen many international agreements on cutting down the global emissions of greenhouse gases and building resilience among communities to tackle climate change. But the costs involved in acting against climate change and arresting the global temperature change to such a level so that it doesn’t prove catastrophic to the future generation is huge. Nicholas Stern, an economist, had published a report- The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change- in 2006 for the British Government which had given an estimate of one percent of global GDP that is required to arrest the impacts of climate change. This estimate was revised in 2008 to two percent of the global GDP accounting for faster than expected climate change. To put things in perspective two percent of global GDP acco unts for close to US$1.5 trillion when the World Bank estimate of the total global gross domestic product of US$74.9 trillion is taken into consideration. Such values aren’t small and require enormous funding from countries world over to act against the impacts. Hence action on climate change, though ethical, has huge implications on the global economy. This economic implication of acting on climate change becomes more precarious when we take into consideration the fact that climate change is set to have its worst impacts on the generations to come. This leaves us with the question of whether to act now or leave it to the future generations to tackle the issue of climate change. Corporations and for that matter countries in itself would act only if they see some incentives in acting now, else one wouldn’t want to sacrifice their economic growth which transcribes into well being in the present. What drives international climate negotiations in formulating policies for climate change mitigation is something called as the social cost of carbon (SCC). SCC helps us in estimating the benefits (climate) of decision making. Social cost of carbon can be termed as the the economic damages associated with a small increase in carbon dioxide. This dollar figure also represents the value of damages avoided for a small emission reduction. Hence such an economic value is what drives nations to act on climate change. Higher the value of SCC, higher is the perceived threat from climate change, which in turn increases the urgency required to act on climate change. Higher values also indicate a negative impact of climate change on the future GDP projections of nation states, hence acting on climate change is incentivising nations by insuring their future GDP against the perils of climate change. But for arriving at a social cost of carbon we need to consider what is called an optimal ‘r ate of discount.’ Arriving at a rate of discount is based on what ethical stand one takes, hence this value might hugely vary from person to person. Aspects such as how much you value intergenerational equity, how much are you ready to sacrifice in the present, how do you expect technology to improve in the future and what do you expect to happen to economic growth in the future all come into play while arriving upon a discount rate. This paper would aim to look at the ethics of discounting taking into consideration the various values for discount rates proposed by economists and the implications that these values have on the policy measures we adopt. Existing literature in this area would be reviewed, shedding light on the various arguments/viewpoints centered around choosing different discount rates for climate change action. This process of reviewing literature in itself might be a limitation as the paper would rely on the arguments put forth by authors of respective papers for choosing a certain discount rate. This paper would initially discuss about the evolution of discounting and its relation to climate change and then move onto reviewing existing literature in this field and finally concluding the discussion by stating the author’s viewpoint. Literature Survey Discounting is a financial term that which means a debtor has obtained a right to delay the payment to a person who has lended the amount, a creditor, for a defined period of time by paying a certain fee. This discount is usually associated with something called a discount rate. In simple terms discount rate can be defined as the rate at which the amount owed must be raised to delay payment for one year. A discount rate is what what determines the discount rate and not vice versa. Discounting Factor is another term that is used in context to discounting. Discount factor is the percentage rate required to calculate the present value of future cash flow. What these values mean in terms of climate change and their implications on climate policy shall be discussed in the next few paragraphs. With the basics of discounting know lets move onto the role discounting has to play on climate change mitigation decisions. To figure this out let us look at some questions that economists seem to be in love with while determining the amount we should spend to fight climate change: How much will you be willing to spend to make your child richer by certain amount in the future? And what about the amount that you would be willing to spend to make your grandchild, or your great- great-great grandchild in the distant future richer by the same amount? The answers to these questions might shed light on the future of the planet. Most economic analyses of climate change have concluded that we should be spending only small amounts to combat climate change now, ramping up slowly over time. This conclusion is argued against by climate scientists who say that immediate action is the only way to arrest the serious ramifications of climate change. And the disagreement arises from the above mention ed questions, on how much do you value the future generations’ welfare in terms of a monetary value. The worst consequences of climate change, as mentioned earlier in the introduction, are likely to unfold only over decades or centuries. This means that the present generation is only set to see the beginning of what might be the worst consequences of climate change, with the future generations bearing the maximum brunt of it. Hence, the decision of how much to spend now to arrest climate change in the future weighs itself on assessing how much it is worth to us now to prevent that future damage. As driven by human tendency we would be prefer money now over money later, and hence economists typically figure that our willingness to pay for preventing a dollar worth of damage in a year, or in a decade is less than a dollar. This percentage less is called the â€Å"social discount rate.† What is of importance is figuring out what this discount rate should be. For a short period of time, the easier way is to consider the prevailing market rate of interest. This is similar to a loan that you have taken at a certain interest rate. After all, if you happen to get a bank loan at an interest rate of 7 percent, then getting a dollar in a year is essentially equivalent to getting a tad over 93 cents now. What this essentially implies is that, economically, it would make sense for you to spend 93 cents today if it helps you in avoiding a problem that would otherwise cost you one dollar a year from now. This can be put in other words: a dollar of the projected future impacts has gotten discounted to 93 cents today. But when this is played over many years the results are very peculiar. The following example is cited from an article published in Science News: â€Å"For example, at a 5 percent annual interest rate, a penny that belonged to Julius Caesar would have expanded to the bogglingly huge sum of 3 – 1041 dollars today — more than the entire world economic output over the last 2,000 years multiplied by the number of stars in the sky.† And what this essentially means is that discounting, at a 5 percent social discount rate, would shrink any imaginable catastrophe today to far less than a penny in Caesar’s time, and an economist would have therefore recommended that Caesar not spend even so tiny an amount to avoid it. The mind boggling amount this discounting would result in besides being absurd, would also silence the people wanting action on climate change because of the huge monetary implications. It is very difficult to overlook the effect any constant discount rate (like the 5 percent rate used in the above example) on the future growth potentials which is going to be exponential and explosive. So even considering a moderate social discount rate of say, 2 to 3 percent, economists will have a very hard time trying to justify the amount spent on combating climate change in the present. Instead, economists would suggest to invest this amount in savings and our future generations will be rich enough to live well inspite of all the damages from climate change. But an exception to this is Nicholas Stern. In 2006, he wrote the The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review which concluded by suggesting that we should invest one percent of world GDP immediately to combat climate change. Otherwise, he said, the chaos resulting from climate change could cost twenty percent of world GDP per year. But this was arrived at by setting the social discount rate to near zero. The discount rate he had taken into consideration while arriving at the conclusion was severely criticized by many economists. Underlying assumption is that people would prefer a dollar today than a dollar in the next year are a hundred years from now. Economists are still at loggerheads over this, on whether to: Either accept an assumption that is argued as economically unjustified (a close to zero social discount rate), or conclude that we should accept climate change without a fight. A third alternative which is more likely to remain unentertained is that the economic valuations fail to shed light on the issue at hand. Let us now look into the argument put forward by Stern in his â€Å"Economics of Climate Change† report for taking a near zero discount rate. This paper has already referred to the Stern Review in its earlier sections. The Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change is probably the most comprehensive survey of the economics of climate change published until thus. The lead author of the review, Sir Nicholas Stern, from besides being a distinguished economist, he has also made important contributions to areas of public and welfare economic theory that are particularly relevant to climate change economics. His conclusion that we should act now by investing on acting against climate change as it would have more serious implications on the future generations in strongly contended by leading economists. Stern, in his review had said that we should invest one percent, which was revised to two percent in 2008, of the global gross domestic product for acting climate in order to curtail the ravaging impacts of climate change in the future which, otherwise, might lead to huge losses to the tune of 20 percent of global GDP every year in the future. After the first chapter’s brief summary of the scientific evidence for climate change, the next few chapters have devoted considerable attention to the ethical issues revolving around the choice of discount rate. â€Å"This represents the economist’s trade-off between the welfare of different generations and is hence the key to the way that different distributions of consumption over time can be ranked in terms of social welfare.† The Review states that â€Å"The ethical framework of standard welfare economics looks first only at the consequences of actions (an approach often described as ‘consequentialism’) and then assess consequences in terms of impacts on ‘utility’ (an approach often described as ‘welfarism’). The standard welfare economic approach has no room, for example, for ethical dimensions concerning the processes by which outcomes are reached. Some different notions of ethics, including those based on concepts of rights, justice and freedoms, do consider process† (p. 29). The Review also takes a consequentialist approach, which is in line with standard welfare economics, and makes judgements that are both explicit and implicit concerning the distribution of welfare and of consumption across generations. Discounting and the Stern Review It is now well now that in h (i.e. the avoidance of the damage that climate change might otherwise do under what is known as a ‘business as usual scenario’).

Confucius in the Analects Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Confucius’s counsel and guidance recorded in The Analects instilled wisdom when they were first recorded and continue to provide a thought provoking analysis of life and the checkpoints that guide it. The Master’s commentary on restraint, diligence, decency, and citizenship are well intended and relevant. Politics and the role of government also come under scrutiny as Confucius offers his insights in bettering the organization of power. His proverb-like admonitions use clear examples of everyday life allowing them to be understood and easily digested. Confucius’s own eagerness and willingness to share goodness he experienced makes it easier to apply and practice in one’s own life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the author’s book dealing with virtue he makes an astute observation regarding the need for restraint in speech equally joined with a lack of restraint in action. Confucius relates his good judgment in the following statement: â€Å"The men of old were reserved in speech out of shame lest they should come short in deed.† (Confucius p. 20) Confucius’s declaration seems to stem from possible past experiences with too much talk and too little action. His declarations lead one to believe that the more traditional and conservative ways tend to pilot one to the ideal standard of life. He reemphasized his point when he said, â€Å"The wise man desires to be slow to speak but quick to act.† (Confucius, p. 20)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Along with rest...

First World War Poems Essay

In this essay I am comparing and discussing three poems from the Great War, each by a different author. These poems are ‘In Memoriam’ by F. A. Mackintosh, ‘Death Bed’ by Siegfried Sassoon and ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ by Wilfred Owen. First I shall discuss ‘In Memoriam’ by F. A. Mackintosh. The title starts by telling you that the memory of someone who has died is probably involved as the word memoriam is usually used in epitaphs. This can be linked to a memorial which is a monument in memoriam of a lot of people which shows that this not about one person. The first stanza starts by saying ‘So you were David’s father,’, and from this you know this is someone who is talking to the father of someone he knew. Also the use of the word ‘were’ in the past tense means that David is no longer his son and, at a guess, I’d say David was dead. The next line says ‘And he was your only son,’ notice the use of the past tense again in the form of the word of, as this says that he no longer has a son. Also it says his ‘only son’, which implies a tighter bond between the father and son than there would be in a family with two or sons in it and/or daughters, which means that the grief may be amplified. The next three lines say: ‘And the new-cut peats are rotting, And the work is left undone, Because of an old man weeping,’ These lines show that the grief did affect him deeply as he is not earning a living or even keeping warm by keeping the fire going. He is to busy weeping to do anything apart from grieve. This is shown to be the fact by the next three lines: ‘Just an old man in pain, For David, his son David, That will not come again.’ This proves that his son ‘David’ is dead and the father will never see him again. In this stanza it seems the theme has already been set, the feeling of death, grief and sadness are that theme. The next stanza talks about the letters that David wrote to his father and how there was never a mention of the war, just about what his father should be doing on the farm. The stanza last two lines are: ‘And the Boches have got his body, And I was his officer.’ Boche is a degrading slang word used by the British to mean Germen people during the war. This sort of thing happens whenever a society feels the need to belittle its enemies. This stanza virtually says David is dead, but it also tells us the person writing the poem is David’s officer. This means that the officer would feel more upset at David’s death than would someone who knew him as a casual friend as he is with his men twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. The next stanza says: ‘You were only David’s father, But I had fifty sons When we went up in the evening Under the arch of the guns, And we came back at twilight- O God! I heard them call To me for help and pity That I could not help at all.’ In this stanza the officer is comparing himself to David’s father, saying that the former was not only David’s father, but also a father to all fifty of his men. He says how he had to go over no mans land under the arch of the guns. And on their way back he had heard their screams and although he was like a father to them all he had to turn away from their screams as he could not help them. Then for the next two stanzas’ he is not talking to the fathers of his dead men but to the dead men themselves in the last two stanzas’. In the next stanza he starts by saying how he’ll never forget his men, perhaps a link to he title, which trusted him. He also says they were: ‘More my sons than you father’s, For they could only see The little helpless babies And the young men in their pride They could not see you dying, And hold you while you died’ In this section he is not comparing himself the fathers of his men but that he is the father of his men. He says he is because he has seen them in their entirety, not when they were children but when they were weak and dying. The last stanza says: ‘Happy and young and gallant, They saw their first-born go, But not the strong limbs broken And the beautiful men brought low, The piteous writhing bodies, They screamed ‘Don’t leave me, sir’, For they were only your fathers But I was your officer.’ In this last stanza he is again referring to the fact that is men’s fathers only see their sons in their prime and that he, their officer, saw them and held them in their last weak moments. He also no longer compares himself to their fathers but says ‘For they were only you fathers, But I was you officer’, therefore he implies it takes more to be their officer than to be their father. Now I shall discuss ‘Dulce et Decorum est’ by Wilfred Owen. The title is the beginning of a Latin phrase which is ‘Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori’ which means ‘It is a sweet and fitting thing to die for ones country’. This is sort of misleading as this gives the feeling, provided one knows what the complete phrase is and means, of someone who thought that the war was a glorious one. This is not actually so as he turns that phrase around by saying it is a lie and says: ‘My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory, The old Lie : Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori.’ The first stanza describes the soldiers’ actions and their condition. To do this he uses similes and metaphors. For example, ‘Drunk with fatigue’ and ‘Bent double, like beggars under sacks’. The first is a metaphor and the second is a slimily. The stanza is basically a description and when the stanza is read it goes along in a slow steady rhythm so that when you read the last two lines of the stanza: ‘Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of gas-shells dropping softly behind.’ you don’t realize that something serious has just happened. Then the first part of the first line of the 2nd stanza goes to speech and the urgency picks up, (probably because the rhythm of the poem speeds up), and then you realize the importance of the previous two lines. He then describes an ‘ecstasy of fumbling’ as the soldiers fitted their gas helmets just in time. And then he starts the main point of the poem, the man who ‘plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.’ From this point, the man who was killed by the gas attack, Owen moves to his ‘moral’ of the story, the old lie, and displays his anti-war feelings to the full. Now I will move on to ‘The Death Bed’ by Siegfried Sassoon. In the first stanza you see , already, the evidence of the fact that Sassoon uses metaphors and similes a lot in this poem. There are five metaphors and two similes alone in the first stanza and those are entwined as it is. This makes for interesting pictures upon the canvas that is your imagination when you read this poem. In this fist stanza you know someone is dying from the lines: ‘Silence and safety; and his mortal shore Lipped by the inward, moonless waves of death.’ Also you can see from these lines, the beginning of Sassoon’s theme of water. When the next stanza begins you get the feeling of a time lapse as someone is suddenly holding water to his mouth. The stanza then says he can feel his wound throbbing and then the water theme takes over, ‘Water-calm, sliding green above the weir. Water- a sky-lit alley for his boat.’ and then he sleeps. In the next stanza more time has past and wind is in the ward, blowing at the curtain. Then he says that he can only see blots of colour in his ‘drowning eyes’. More time passes and he hears rain and music. The last line of this says ‘Gently and slowly washing life away’ which can be linked with the last line of the 1st stanza. Then it says that his pain leapt like a beast and when he woke he shuddered because the evil thing had passed. In the penultimate stanza it suddenly changes to speech and the person speaking tells everyone to ‘light many candles’ and ‘you may save him yet’. In the last line of this stanza his anti war feeling are shown quite plainly: ‘how should he die when cruel old campaigners win safe through’. In the last stanza the personification of death in the form of a direct sentence that you could not argue with is shown. ‘But Death replied ‘I choose him’. So he went’ On the last line Sassoon reminds us the war was still going on by saying ‘Then, far away, the thudding of the guns.’ Now I come to the comparison of the three poems. One of the most obvious comparisons is the fact that in both F. A. mackintosh and Owen’s poems they both use realistic views whereas Sassoon uses more abstract thoughts and he also uses far far more metaphors in his, and he even uses the personification of death. Even though both Owen and F. A. Mackintosh use realistic style Owen uses more graphic details whereas F. A. Mackintosh uses the thoughts of a man for his soldiers. One difference between all the three poems is the prominent emotion in each. Owen’s is full of hate for the war, F. A. Mackintosh’s is full of grief for the loss of his men and in Sassoon’s there is no way I can really pin a main feeling on it except the feeling of waste that the war produced which is apparent in each. Although I say this about Sassoon’s poem the feeling of hate is made available for seeing in the lines ‘He’s young; he hated War; how should he die when cruel old campaigners win safe through? ‘, and in this you also see the grief and loss for this man as he was young. They also all have main themes. In Owen’s there is the theme of death and pain as there is in Sassoon’s although both are different in that Owens is more graphic in this respect. As for F. A. Mackintosh the theme is one of comparison between the officer and the fathers of his men, so much so in fact that the poem is almost a simile in itself. In conclusion I would say that each of the poems contains the feeling of terrible loss of life in the war and that fundamental feeling links all of the three poems. This means that for all the differences in style all the writers are trying to get the same message across. All three poets I would say were anti-war, although in F. A. Mackintosh’s poem he does not directly show as the other two authors do.

Internal Rate of Return and Slab Casting Essay

1. What have been the sources of Nucor’s competitive advantage so far (namely, up until 1986)? Do you think â€Å"business as usual† is likely to continue generating the same profits for Nucor? Why? 2. What are the technological risks associated with thin-slab casting? (What could go wrong and how bad would it be? You may find the spreadsheet posted with these preparation questions helpful here.) 3. What are the market risks associated with thin-slab casting? (What could go wrong and how bad would it be? You may also find the spreadsheet useful here.) 4. What are the financial risks associated with thin-slab casting? (What could go wrong and how bad would it be? Use the financial information in the case for guidance.) 5. If thin-slab casting works, do you think it is likely to generate a sustainable competitive advantage for Nucor? 6. Should Nucor commit to thin-slab casting? Case Analysis Question Make a recom m endation r egarding w hether Nucor should go forward with the t hin – slab casting project. In developing your recommendation, you should a ddress s everal questions . 1 . First, what have been the foundations of Nucor’s com petitive advantage o ver the past decade? Which of those (if any) are likely to help them succeed in the thin – slab casting venture? 2 . Second, do you think that thin – slab casting will be a source of s ustainable com petitive advantage? In answering this, you must consider two things. a . One, do you think thin – slab casting will be a profitable investment? There is a spreadsheet available for download along w ith this project that will help you m ake an assessm ent. This s preadsheet calculates the internal rate of return (IRR) of the new p roject using cash flow projections. The projections are based on a ssum ptions detailed in the notes below the m ain spr eadsheet. Once you download the spreadsheet, you can exp erim ent with d ifferent values that correspond to different assum ptions regarding Nucor’s strategic concerns. Som e of these m ay have a l arge effect on the value of the project; others may not. Some of the issues raised in the case whose effect you m ay want t o c onsider include scrap prices, tim e to r each f ull capacity, and r esponses by com petitors in the new m arkets Nucor would be e ntering. b . T wo, do you think that the profits obtained by thin – slab casting w ould be sustainable? Why or why not? 3 . T hird, what are t he options that would be opened or close d if Nucor p roceeded with thin – slab casting? Your recom m endation should be based on both your calculations of cash flow projections and also on a m ore qualitative analysis about c om petitive advantage a nd p rofitabi lity, and t he extent to which they w ill be s ustainable (m eaning they cannot be easily im itated by other c om panies, etc.) .